The classroom is the primary site for learning. A vital feature of classroom learning is the division of educational content into various disciplines. While disciplinary differences could ...

The conceptualization of teacher noticing has been evolving along with developments in educational practice. The currently widely accepted conceptualization of teacher noticing includes two key ...

In the 1970s, Classical test theory (CTT), which relies on raw scores, dominated the field of measurement research. However, CTT is heavily dependent on both the test items and the participants, with ...

What mathematical knowledge do elementary teachers use in teaching? About 10 years ago, Deborah Ball and her colleagues at Michigan State University carried out a research project to address this ...