As immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia constantly survey the brain and spinal cord for changes to the local environment. In response to CNS infection or injury, microglia ...
A review of literature regarding trained immunity (TI) differentiates two distinct stages of metabolic immune regulation, with primary metabolic changes influencing early epigenetic adaptations that ...
Host Immune Responses to Arachnid Venoms and Toxins: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Development
Arachnology and toxinology have increasingly illuminated the structural, biochemical and evolutionary diversity of venom ...
The immune response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria encompasses a complex interplay between innate and adaptive systems, tailored to each stage of the parasite’s life cycle. During the ...
A team has identified a previously unknown phase of the immune response. The results challenge long-standing assumptions about the process called 'T-cell priming'. These new insights have significant ...
The mitochondria are a membrane-bound cellular organelle commonly referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell. Their main function is to convert nutrients and oxygen into energy. The chemical ...
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