The idea of holistic ‘whole ecosystem’ properties and measures has a long history in ecology 1. However, research into the ability of ecosystems to simultaneously provide multiple ecosystem functions ...

Terrestrial ecosystems are subjected to multiple global changes simultaneously. Yet, how an increasing number of global changes impact the resistance of ecosystems to global change remains virtually ...

We are told the natural world is ‘breaking down’. But forests don’t work like aeroplanes or human hearts ...

From a biological perspective, it is important for scientists and the general public to understand that organisms do interact with their environment; in this sense, it often incorporates the terms ...

A food web is a detailed interconnecting diagram that shows the overall food relationships between organisms in a particular environment. The simplest explanation is that food webs are "who eats whom" ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Ecosystems are composed of the plants, animals, people, and other living things that ...

Around the world, rainforests are becoming savanna or farmland, savanna is drying out and turning into desert, and icy tundra is thawing. Indeed, scientific studies have now recorded "regime shifts" ...

“Ecosystem” and “ecosystem building” have been hot terms in the world of entrepreneurial development lately. As cities begin to realize that fostering entrepreneurship is a great economic tool for ...

We live in an increasingly distributed business world in which organizations rely on timing and components in different parts of the world and in different time zones. To deliver greater value to ...