Have you ever thought about how and why something was designed? Who was considered a “stakeholder” for the design? And what biases are baked within the process of designing something? These are some ...

Process design kits consist of a set of files that typically contain descriptions of the basic building blocks of the process. They are expressed, algorithmically, as Pcells. These descriptions are ...

Once upon a time, integrated circuits (ICs) were built by the same companies that designed them. The design of an IC was tightly integrated with the manufacturing processes available within each ...

Following in the footsteps of the other review programs at the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Office of Pharmaceutical Science, the Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP) is currently in the ...

Planning ahead for design transfer and using it as a management tool results in a smoother, less costly transition from development to production. Terry Zenner It has become popular to say that all ...

In-silico design facilitates process optimization and evaluation of process control strategies. The pharmaceutical industry has recognized the value of implementing a systematic approach to drug ...

Appropriate use of sound science applied at critical junctures will improve efficiency in the high-wire act of drug development. Pharmaceutical companies walk a tightrope in early drug development.