Recent advances in computer-aided diagnosis, treatment response and prognosis in radiomics and deep learning challenge radiology with requirements for world-wide methodological standards for labeling, ...

The study of complex behaviors is often challenging when using manual annotation due to the absence of quantifiable behavioral definitions and the subjective nature of behavioral annotation.

However, by the late 1970s, there was disappointment that the two main approaches to computing in medicine — rule-based systems and matching, or pattern recognition, systems — had not been as ...