Water supply and wastewater treatment systems are critical infrastructure that directly impact public health and economic development 1. Current municipal water supplies typically use a centralized ...

Water scarcity is a grave challenge for cultivation, particularly in arid and semiarid regions, whereas, the development of novel water supplies requires high costs 1. The efficient use of water and ...

This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating ...