A deep reinforcement learning framework optimizes silicon-based photonic crystal fiber modulators, achieving ultra-low ...
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) optical modulators are crucial in next-generation technologies such as free-space optical communication and LiDAR, but existing designs struggle with balancing ...
The lithium niobate thin-film modulator was designed to achieve a modulation frequency of 350 kHz within the 0–2π phase range, further realizing high speed control of optical field coherence.
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