Abstract: This paper presents a detailed guided on applying fuzzification techniques to enhance the performance of phase-locked loops (PLLs). PLLs are widely used in high-frequency applications where ...

This is Part 2 of a three-part series. As discussed in Part 1 and recapped here, modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher ...

This is Part 1 of a three-part series. As modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher performance than ever before, they’re ...

Abstract: Carrier synchronization is a fundamental stage in the receiver side of any communication or positioning system. Traditional carrier phase tracking techniques are based on well-known ...

Clock jitter is a parameter which affects system performance and can degrade otherwise superior component specifications. This article is a basic explanation of clock jitter and some of its effects, ...

SerDes (serializers/deserializers) are devices that can take wide bit-width, single-ended signal buses and compress them to a few, typically one, differential signal ...

Few topics in electrical engineering have demanded as much attention over the years as the phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL is arguably one of the most important building blocks necessary for modern ...