Decades ago, Paul Erdős used randomness to illuminate the vast and weird world of networks. Now mathematicians are making his ...

Abstract: To improve the computational efficiency of the time-dependent failure probability (TDFP) to system with dynamic loads, materials degeneration and other time-varying factors, a two-phase ...

Abstract: Importance sampling methods are extensively used in time-independent reliability analysis. However, the kind of methods is barely studied in the field of time-variant reliability analysis.

Language models often repeat themselves and fall back on stereotypical answers after training. Verbalized Sampling is a simple prompt technique designed to make AI responses less repetitive.

One of the coolest things about generative AI models — both large language models (LLMs) and diffusion-based image generators — is that they are "non-deterministic." That is, despite their reputation ...

Pew Research Center designed this study to assess the current state of online survey sampling methods – both probability-based and opt-in – and determine their accuracy on general population estimates ...

PPS （Probability Proportional to Size） sampling method was adopted in purchasing managers’ survey. Using the divisions of the manufacturing or non-manufacturing industry as the selecting strata， the ...