The foot and ankle complex plays a critical role in running performance and injury resilience. During running, the foot and ankle absorb forces that can exceed 2–3 times body weight with every step, store and release elastic energy, provide stability, and adapt to changing terrain. Research shows that poor foot and ankle strength, calf capacity, balance, and proprioception are linked to an increased risk of running-related injuries throughout the lower extremity. The foot contains intrinsic musc